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第1章 单章 银子与人的背景

啰嗦两句,与朋友们解释一下背景、人设基础。

一是书中银子数量和明末经济大背景,二是宁远伯李成梁的争议和辽东‘固有印象’。

1

朋友们不用怀疑大明权贵的银子数量,明朝的穷鬼是‘朝廷’,不是明人。国家财政崩溃是朝政问题,不是皇家财政崩溃。

不算中原本来的金银,明末清初海外流入中原二十亿两白银,对,您没看错,是二十亿…亿…亿。

16世纪末、17世纪初,明朝土地兼并突然进入高潮,有一个很重要的外部原因:全球商贸停滞。

与很多人想象的不同,明朝的闭关锁国是个‘假口号’,不说成祖下西洋的壮举,从宪宗孝宗起,片板不得下海,就变成了角落里的‘老朱遗命’。

武宗朝海贸已公开化,朱厚照允许葡萄牙人在沿海交易(小佛郎机人,他们开辟了远东商业航线),但嘉靖朝把倭寇引来了,打败倭寇以后,到隆庆朝,朱明中枢已明白海贸不可避免。

‘隆庆开海’是隆庆皇帝最大的历史功绩,明朝在泉州和定海正式设立两个市舶司,允许商人缴税出海。

但万里海疆,两个市舶司怎么能管住,万历朝士绅豪商吃的满嘴流油,交易量急速膨胀,海贸避开朝廷,蓬勃发展。

自正德朝葡萄牙人开辟远东航线,一百二十年来,大明朝只卖不买,纯粹的贸易顺差。

瓷器、茶叶、丝绸远销两洋,欧罗巴从美洲抢到的白银、倭国银矿冶炼的白银齐齐流入中原。

还不止货物贸易,因欧罗巴和明朝悬殊的金银兑换比(明朝1:8~10欧罗巴1:12~15),每年都有‘银船’带几百万两银子从欧洲远洋九万里,到沿海兑换黄金,掏空大明朝黄金。

可惜银子在士绅豪商手中,与朝廷毛关系都没有。

这种畸形的、与朝廷‘无关’的、纯出口贸易模式,在明末短短三十年间,遭到毁灭性的猛烈反噬。

因为…‘客户’同时没了,交易量锐减、锐减、再锐减。

1615年(万历四十三年),倭国江户幕府开始严格执行闭关锁国政策,不允许商船随便进入倭国。

1618年(万历四十六年)欧洲爆发三十年宗教战争,整个欧罗巴乱成一锅粥,金银全部投入战争。

明朝太倒霉了,同时失去唯二的对外贸易大户,江南海量的纺织品卖不出去,士绅豪商手里堆积海量的银

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